Most vaccines are for viruses, but you can make a vaccine for anything that the body produces an acquired immune response for. For example there are vaccines against the plague and Lyme disease bacteria and you can even get your dog vaccinated against rattlesnake venom. We know that fish acquire resistance to both
FW and SW ich after exposure, and in
FW ich the mechanism is fairly well studied, so we know that vaccines should work against both parasites (EDIT: but not the same vaccine for both).
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Thirdly, I am under the train of thought that all fish express diseases such as ich while under stress. As you decrease the amount of stress, and take care of them by improving their current conditions, this parasite, is basically not an issue. From my experience at least.
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No. Perfectly healthy, happy fish can be infected with ich (when people study ich, they're looking at otherwise healthy, un-stressed fish). Stress can make outbreaks more severe, but simply avoiding stress won't prevent or cure infection if the parasite is present. Also, while it might be simple enough to provide a low-stress environment once the fish is settled into a consumer's aquarium, that's really not possible during the chain of custody from ocean to aquarium.